The Japanese ない form: how to say “don’t”

The ない form is the casual way to say don’t, and the gateway to some very useful phrases like please don’t… and I have to…. The rules fit on one card.

Grammar3 min readUpdated
The short answer
  • Group 2: drop る, add ない: → .
  • Group 1: final u → a + ない: → . Verbs ending in う → わない: → .
  • Irregular: → , → , and → just .
  • 〜ないでください = please don’t…

How to make the ない form

GroupRuleExample
2 (る-verbs)drop る + ない → · →
1 (う-verbs)u-sound → a-sound + ない → · → · →
1 ending in うう → わ + ない → · →
3 (irregular)memorise → · →
あるspecial →
  • たべないtabenai
    don’t eat
  • のまないnomanai
    don’t drink
  • いかないikanai
    don’t go
  • かわないkawanai
    don’t buy
  • しないshinai
    don’t do
  • こないkonai
    don’t come
  • わからないwakaranai
    don’t understand

Past negative: なかった

Replace ない with なかった: (didn’t eat), (didn’t go). Add です for a polite touch: .

Useful patterns with ない

  • しゃしんをとらないでくださいshashin o toranaide kudasai
    Please don’t take photos.〜ないでください = please don’t.
  • しんぱいしないでshinpai shinaide
    Don’t worry.Casual: drop ください.
  • いかなければなりませんikanakereba narimasen
    I have to go.〜なければなりません = must.
  • いかなきゃikanakya
    Gotta go!Casual short form of なければ.
  • たべなくてもいいですtabenakute mo ii desu
    You don’t have to eat it.

You’ll see on signs everywhere in Japan: (please don’t touch).

Bonus: casual invitations

A rising ない makes a friendly invitation: means want to go?, just like the polite . More forms in the Japanese plain form.

ない vs. ません

PlainPoliteMeaning
don’t go
don’t eat
don’t do
didn’t go

Same meaning, different politeness. Use ません with strangers and colleagues, ない with friends. See the plain form.

Negative adjectives look similar

い-adjectives end in ない too: (not expensive), (not tasty). That’s because ない itself behaves like an い-adjective, which is why you can say just like . More in Japanese adjectives.

More everyday patterns

  • わすれないでねwasurenaide ne
    Don’t forget, okay?
  • まだきめていないmada kimete inai
    I haven’t decided yet.
  • いかないほうがいいですikanai hō ga ii desu
    You’d better not go.
  • たべないでいきましたtabenaide ikimashita
    I went without eating.
Make it negative0/5
  1. →

  2. →

  3. →

  4. →

  5. “Please don’t touch.”

Frequently asked questions

How do you make the nai form in Japanese?

Group 2 verbs drop る and add ない (たべる → たべない). Group 1 verbs change the final u-sound to an a-sound and add ない (のむ → のまない), with う becoming わ (かう → かわない). する becomes しない and くる becomes こない.

How do you say please don't in Japanese?

Use the nai form plus でください: 〜ないでください, for example たべないでください, 'please don't eat it'.

What is the negative of aru?

The plain negative of ある (there is) is simply ない. The polite form is ありません.

How do you say you'd better not in Japanese?

Use the nai form + ほうがいいです: 行かないほうがいいです, 'you'd better not go'.