Countries, nationalities and languages in Japanese

Here’s a gift from Japanese grammar: once you know a country’s name, you can make its nationality and language by adding a single sound. Mostly.

Vocabulary3 min readUpdated
The short answer
  • Country + じん = nationality: (German person).
  • Country + ご = language: (German).
  • Exception: English is えいご, not イギリスご.
  • Most country names are written in katakana, except a few like (Japan) and (China).

Countries

  • にほんNihon
    Japan
  • アメリカAmerika
    USA
  • イギリスIgirisu
    UK
  • カナダKanada
    Canada
  • オーストラリアŌsutoraria
    Australia
  • ドイツDoitsu
    Germany
  • フランスFuransu
    France
  • スペインSupein
    Spain
  • イタリアItaria
    Italy
  • ちゅうごくChūgoku
    China
  • かんこくKankoku
    South Korea
  • インドIndo
    India
  • ブラジルBurajiru
    Brazil
  • メキシコMekishiko
    Mexico

Nationalities and languages

CountryNationality (+じん)Language (+ご)
(English)
(English)

Useful phrases

  • どちらからですかdochira kara desu ka
    Where are you from? (polite)
  • おくにはどちらですかokuni wa dochira desu ka
    Which country are you from?
  • カナダからきましたKanada kara kimashita
    I’m from Canada.
  • えいごがはなせますかeigo ga hanasemasu ka
    Can you speak English?
  • スペインごがすこしはなせますSupeingo ga sukoshi hanasemasu
    I can speak a little Spanish.
  • にほんにいったことがありますかNihon ni itta koto ga arimasu ka
    Have you ever been to Japan?

Use these in your self-introduction. Country names are written in katakana, so they’re great katakana reading practice.

Continents and regions

  • アジアAjia
    Asia
  • ヨーロッパYōroppa
    Europe
  • アフリカAfurika
    Africa
  • きたアメリカKita Amerika
    North America
  • みなみアメリカMinami Amerika
    South America
  • がいこくgaikoku
    foreign country, abroad
  • がいこくじんgaikokujin
    foreignerNeutral. The short がいじん can sound distancing; がいこくのかた is most polite.

Notice how (north) and (south) simply go in front, the same words you learned in asking for directions.

Talking about your language skills

Once you can name languages, you can describe what you speak. Japanese often uses the potential form (can speak) together with adverbs of degree:

  • えいごとドイツごがはなせますeigo to Doitsugo ga hanasemasu
    I can speak English and German.
  • にほんごはまだすこしだけですnihongo wa mada sukoshi dake desu
    My Japanese is still just a little.
  • フランスごはぜんぜんはなせませんFuransugo wa zenzen hanasemasen
    I can’t speak French at all.
  • ぼごはなんですかbogo wa nan desu ka
    What’s your native language?
  • なんかこくごはなせますかnankakokugo hanasemasu ka
    How many languages can you speak?

Adverbs like , and are explained in Japanese adverbs. Modesty is normal here: even fluent speakers often say , I still have a long way to go.

How Japan talks about the world

Some country names have a short kanji form used in newspapers and compound words: for the USA (, Japan–US relations), for the UK (, English) and for Germany. You don’t need these as a beginner, but they explain why English is : the in it stands for England.

Country check0/3
  1. German (language):

  2. English (language):

  3. A Japanese person:

Frequently asked questions

How do you say languages in Japanese?

Add 語 (go) to the country name: 日本語 (Japanese), ドイツ語 (German), フランス語 (French). English is the exception: 英語 (eigo).

How do you say nationalities in Japanese?

Add 人 (jin) to the country: 日本人 (Japanese person), アメリカ人 (American). Politely: ドイツの方 (a person from Germany).

How do you ask where someone is from in Japanese?

Ask どちらからですか (dochira kara desu ka) or お国はどちらですか (okuni wa dochira desu ka).

How do you say foreigner in Japanese?

The neutral word is 外国人 (gaikokujin). The short form 外人 (gaijin) can sound distancing, and 外国の方 (gaikoku no kata) is the most polite.

Why is English eigo in Japanese?

英語 (eigo) uses the kanji 英, an old short form for England, plus 語 (language). That's why it doesn't follow the usual country + go pattern.